Zeolites
Natural volcanic minerals made of aluminosilicates, with a honeycomb structure rich in micropores.
- Ion exchange to retain ammonia, heavy metals and other positively charged substances.
- Absorption of liquids and gases due to high porosity.
- Used in filtration, purification, agriculture and technical construction.
Anthracite
High-carbon fossil coal, strong and low-friability, used as a filtering medium.
- Drinking water, industrial wastewater and municipal treatment.
- Multi-layer filter beds with quartz sand and gravel.
- Lower pressure loss and longer runs before backwashing.
Pyrolusite
A mineral mainly made of manganese dioxide (MnO2), used as a filtering medium and oxidising catalyst.
- Iron and manganese removal from drinking water.
- Oxidation of arsenic and sulphides in the presence of oxygen or chlorine.
- Used in granular filter beds, also mixed with quartz sand.
Quartzite
A metamorphic rock composed almost entirely of silicon dioxide (SiO2), suited to water filtration.
- Suspended-solids removal in sand and pressure filters.
- Pre-filtration in reverse-osmosis plants.
- High chemical and mechanical resistance, long service life and easy washing.
Ferric hydroxide
A product used in biogas plants to reduce hydrogen sulphide (H2S), an odorous and corrosive gas.
- Reacts with H2S and binds sulphur as iron sulphide.
- Protects cogeneration engines and reduces maintenance costs.
- Can be used in the digester or in dedicated filters before biogas use.
Activated carbon
Highly porous carbonaceous materials that adsorb organic substances, impurities, odours and unwanted compounds in liquids and gases.
- Filtration and purification of water, air and gas streams.
- Decolourisation and purification in food and beverage, pharmaceutical and chemical sectors.
- Can be reactivated in many industrial applications.